bohr atom

Let us learn about bohr atom

An atom is made up of three particles, electrons protons and neutrons. Electrons have a negative charge and protons have a positive charge whereas neutrons have no charge. They are neutral. Due to the presence of equal number of negative electrons and positive protons the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.

• The protons and electrons are located in a small nucleus at the centre of the atom. Due to the presence of protons the nucleus is positively charged.

• The electrons revolve rapidly around the nucleus in fixed circular paths called energy levels or shells. The 'energy levels' or 'shells' or 'orbits' are represented in two ways: either by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 or by letters K, L, M, N, O and P. The energy levels are counted from centre outwards.

• Each energy level is associated with a fixed amount of energy. The shell nearest to the nucleus having minimum energy and the shell farthest from the nucleus having maximum energy.

• There is no change in the energy of electrons as long as they keep revolving in the same energy level. But when an electron jumps from a lower energy level to a higher one, some energy is absorbed while some energy is emitted. When an electron jumps from a higher energy level to a lower one, the amount of energy absorbed or emitted is given by the difference of energies associated with the two levels. Thus if an electron jumps from orbit 1 (energy E₁) to orbit 2 (energy E₂) the change in energy is given by E₂ - E₁. The energy change is accompanied by absorption of radiation energy of E= E₂ E₁ = h where h is a constant called 'Planck's constant' and is the frequency of radiation absorbed or emitted. The value of h is 6.626 x 10^-34 J^-s. The absorption and emission of light due to electron jumps are measured by use of spectrometers
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