Graham's law is also called as Graham's law of effusion, was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham. Graham invented experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles.
Graham's law affirms that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight. Thus, if the molecular weight of 1 gas is 4 times that of another, it would diffuse through a porous plug or escape through a small pinhole in a vessel at half the rate of the other. A complete theoretical description of Graham's law was provided years later by the kinetic theory of gases. Graham's law impart a basis for separating isotopes by diffusion — a method that came to play a crucial role in the development of the atomic bomb.
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